Heat pump symptoms and likely causes
- Heat pump not heating
- Low refrigerant charge, a reversing valve that failed to shift, a defrost board holding the unit in the wrong mode, or a thermostat configured so the system runs backup heat only.
- Heat pump blowing cold air in heating mode
- Often normal defrost operation, which lasts a few minutes. If cool air continues, the system has either lost heating capacity or the reversing valve is not shifting.
- Heat pump not cooling
- Same causes as a conventional air conditioner, plus the possibility that the reversing valve is stuck in heating position.
- Outdoor unit frozen solid
- A defrost failure. The defrost sensor, board, or reversing valve is not initiating or completing the cycle, so frost keeps accumulating until the coil is blocked.
- Short cycling
- Electrical faults, restricted airflow, low charge, or a control problem that satisfies and drops the call repeatedly.
- Very high winter power bills
- Usually backup electric heat running far more than it should, either because the heat pump has lost capacity or because the thermostat and staging are configured incorrectly.
